No matter what the causes of the reforms are, every government may pay attention to the work done by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler (1992), which stated the ideal roles of the government as follows:
- Catalytic government: steering rather than rowing
- Community-owned government: empowering rather than serving
- Competitive government: injecting competition into service delivery
- Mission-driven government: transforming rule-driven organizations
- Results-oriented government: funding outcomes not inputs
- Customer-driven government: meeting the needs of the customer, not the bureaucracy
- Enterprise government: earning rather than spending
- Anticipatory government: prevention rather than cure
- Decentralized government: from hierarchy to participation and teamwork
- Market-oriented government: leveraging change through the market.